If a minimum of 12 inches of cover cannot be provided for underground piping, what must be done?

When underground piping cannot be provided with a minimum cover of 12 inches, it is crucial to protect the piping from potential damage due to soil movement, surface impacts, or other hazards. Installing the piping in a conduit or protective shield is the preferred solution in this scenario. This method ensures that the piping is safeguarded while also allowing it to be installed at a shallower depth, thus meeting safety standards while mitigating risks associated with reduced cover. A conduit serves as an additional layer of protection, effectively preventing physical damage from above ground forces and shielding the pipe from environmental factors that could compromise its integrity.

Other options, while potentially beneficial in specific contexts, do not provide the same level of protection that a conduit or shield offers. For instance, wrapping with insulation might help with temperature control but does not offer physical protection. Elevating the piping could increase its vulnerability to external damage, and using thicker materials may not fully address the issues associated with inadequate cover. Hence, using a conduit or shield is the optimal choice for ensuring the longevity and safety of underground piping in situations where sufficient cover cannot be achieved.